نیکولای بوخارین: نوسخه‌لر آراسینداکی فرق
محتوای حذف‌شده محتوای افزوده‌شده
صفحه‌‌نی ' '''نیکولای بوخارین''' ({{روسجا|Никола́й Буха́рин}})، (دوغوم: -اؤلوم:) بیر شورویلی سی...' ایله ياراتدی |
بدون خلاصۀ ویرایش |
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خط ۱:
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nikolai Bukharin
| native_name = Никола́й Буха́рин
| native_name_lang = ru
| image =Bucharin.bra.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| office1 = [[Executive Committee of the Communist International|General Secretary of the Executive <br> Committee of the Communist International]]
| term_start1 = November 1926
| term_end1 = April 1929
| predecessor1 = [[Grigori Zinoviev]]
| successor1 = [[Vyacheslav Molotov]]
| office2 = [[Pravda|Editor-in-chief of Pravda]]
| term_start2 = November 1918
| term_end2 = April 1929
| predecessor2 = [[ايستالین]]
| successor2 = Mikhail S. Olminsky
| office3 = Full member of the [[13th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|13th]], [[14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|14th]], [[15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|15th]] [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]]
| term_start3 = 2 June 1924
| term_end3 = 17 November 1929
| office4 = Candidate member of the [[8th Politburo and the 8th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|8th]], [[9th Politburo and the 9th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|9th]], [[10th Politburo and the 10th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|10th]], [[11th Politburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|11th]], [[12th Politburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|12th]] [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]]
| term_start4 = 8 March 1919
| term_end4 = 2 June 1924
| birth_name = Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin
| birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1888|10|9|df= y}}
| birth_place = [[موسکو]], [[روسیه ایمپیراتورلوغو]]
| death_date = {{اولوم تاریخی و یاش|1938|3|15|1888|10|9|df= y}}
| death_place = [[Communarka shooting ground]], [[روسیه شوروی فدراتیو سوسیالیست جومهوریتی]], [[شوروی]]
| death_cause = Execution
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| residence =
| nationality = Russian
| other_names =
| known_for =
Editor of ''[[Pravda]]'', ''[[Izvestia]]'', author of ''The Politics and Economics of the Transition Period'', ''Imperialism and World Economy'', co-author of ''[[The ABC of Communism]]'', principal framer of the [[Soviet Constitution of 1936]]
| influences = [[Alexander Bogdanov]]
| influenced =
| education =
| alma_mater = {{Moscow University|1911}}
| employer =
| occupation =
| home_town =
| height =
| weight =
| term =
| party = [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]], [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]]
| boards =
| spouse = [[Anna Larina]]
| partner =
| children = Svetlana, Yuri Larin
| parents = Ivan Gavrilovich and Liubov Ivanovna Bukharin
| relations =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''نیکولای بوخارین''' ({{روسجا|Никола́й Буха́рин}})، (دوغوم: -اؤلوم:) بیر [[شوروی]]لی [[سیاست]]چی و [[یازیچی]] ایدی.
سطر ۵ ⟵ ۶۲:
==قایناقلار==
{{اتک‌یازی}}
==آرتیق اوخو==
* Bergmann, Theodor, and Moshe Lewin, eds. ''Bukharin in retrospect'' (Routledge, 2017).
* Biggart, John. [https://monoskop.org/images/a/a0/Biggart_John_1987_Bukharin_and_the_Origins_of_the_Proletarian_Culture_Debate.pdf "Bukharin and the origins of the 'proletarian culture' debate"]. ''Soviet Studies'' 39.2 (1987): 229–246.
*{{cite book |last=Coates |first=Ken |title=Who Was This Bukharin? |location=Nottingham |publisher=Spokesman |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-85124-781-6 }}
*{{cite book |last=Cohen |first=Stephen F. |title=Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938 |year=1980 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-502697-7 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=BUg-lWpZcsIC |authorlink=Stephen F. Cohen |ref=harv }}
*{{cite book |last=Gregory |first=Paul R. |title=Politics, Murder, and Love in Stalin's Kremlin: The Story of Nikolai Bukharin and Anna Larina |location=Stanford |publisher=Hoover Institution Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8179-1034-1 }}
*{{cite book |last=Kotkin |first=Stephen |title=Stalin: Volume 1: The Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928 |location= |publisher= |year=2014 |isbn= }}
* Littlejohn, Gary. "State, plan and market in the transition to socialism: the legacy of Bukharin". ''Economy and Society'' 8.2 (1979): 206-239.
*{{cite book |first=Robert |last=Service |author-link=Robert Service (historian) |title=[[Stalin: A Biography]] |year=2004 |publisher= |isbn=0-330-41913-7}}
* Smith, Keith. "Introduction to Bukharin: economic theory and the closure of the Soviet industrialisation debate". ''Economy and Society'' 8.4 (1979): 446–472.
* {{cite book| author = | chapter = | chapter-url = | format = | url = | title =Imperial Moscow University: 1755–1917: encyclopedic dictionary | orig-year = | agency = A. Andreev, D. Tsygankov | edition = |location= Moscow |year= 2010 |publisher= Russian political encyclopedia (ROSSPEN) |at= |volume= |issue = | pages =108–109 | page = | series = | isbn = 978-5-8243-1429-8| ref =Imperial Moscow University}}
* Bukharin, Nikolaĭ, and Evgeniĭ Alekseevich Preobrazhenskiĭ. ''ABC of Communism'' (Socialist Labour Press, 1921). [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=_55BAQAAMAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=Bukharin+++&ots=L7SyHHDzru&sig=DjjsZRNyR47jDWk8tdArU3yWAVE online]
** Fitzpatrick, Sheila. "The ABC of Communism Revisited". ''Studies in East European Thought'' 70.2-3 (2018): 167–179.
* Bukharin, Nikolaĭ Ivanovich. ''Selected Writings on the State and the Transition to Socialism'' (M. E. Sharpe, 1982).
==ائشیک باغلانتیلار==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{آمبار بؤلمه}}
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/index.htm Nikolai Bukharin archive] at [[marxists.org]]
* [http://lists.csbs.utah.edu/pipermail/marxism/2000-January/035371.html Bukharin's death-cell letter to Stalin]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFZ9YdKu0xsC&pg=PA336#v=twopage&q&f=false How it all began], Bukharin's last letter to his wife
* [http://www.angelfire.com/vamp2/nikolaibukharin/ A site dedicated to Bukharin]
* [https://mises.org/daily/5128/A-Bolshevik-Love-Story A Bolshevik Love Story], [[Mises Institute]]
* [http://www.memo.ru/history/1937/feb_mart_1937/index.htm February–March Plenum discussions transcript (in Russian) on which Bukharin was finally defeated, humiliated and expelled from Party]
* [http://www.itogi.ru/archive/2001/18/123103.html Some of Bukharin's famous cartoons]
* {{20th Century Press Archives|FID=pe/030336}}
{{Authority control}}
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