ایمانوئل کانت: نوسخه‌لر آراسینداکی فرق
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صفحه‌‌نی ' {{Infobox scientist}} '''ایمانوئل کانت''' ({{Lang-de|Immanuel Kant}}، {{DVTY}}) — گؤرکملی آلمان فیلوسوفو، نوک...' ایله ياراتدی |
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{{Infobox
| name = Immanuel Kant
'''ایمانوئل کانت''' ({{Lang-de|Immanuel Kant}}، {{DVTY}}) — گؤرکملی آلمان فیلوسوفو، نوکلاسیک آلمان فلسفه‌سینین بانی‌سی، چاغداش آوروپا فلسفه تاریخی‌نین ان نفوذلو نماینده‌لریندن، [[باتی اوروپا]]دا [[آیدینلانما چاغینین]] سوْن بؤیوک فیلوسوفلاریندان بیری.▼
| image = Kant gemaelde 3.jpg
| caption = Portrait by Johann Gottlieb Becker, 1768
| birth_date = {{دوْغوم تاریخی|1724|04|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Königsberg]], [[East Prussia]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]<br />(present-day [[کالینینقراد]], [[روسیه]])
| death_date = {{Nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1804|02|12|1724|04|22}}}}
| death_place = [[Königsberg]], [[East Prussia]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
| education = [[Collegium Fridericianum]]<br />[[كونیقسبرق بیلیم‌یوردو]]<br /><small>([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]]; [[Master of Arts|M.A.]], April 1755; [[PhD]], September 1755; PhD,<ref name="RGT"/> August 1770)</small>
| institutions = University of Königsberg
| nationality = [[پروس]]<!-- In "Infobox philosopher", nationality is used instead of citizenship; Prussia had never been part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. -->
| language = German
| region = [[Western philosophy]]
| era = [[آیدینلانما چاغی]]
| main_interests = {{Hlist|[[Epistemology]] |[[Metaphysics]] |[[اخلاق فلسفه‌سی]] |[[Aesthetics]] |[[Cosmogony]]}}
| school_tradition = {{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap
|[[Kantianism]]
|[[آیدینلانما چاغی]]
|[[آلمان ایدئالیزمی]]<ref>[[Frederick C. Beiser]], ''German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801'', Harvard University Press, 2002, part I.</ref>
|[[Foundationalism]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Rockmore|first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Rockmore|title=On Foundationalism: A Strategy for Metaphysical Realism|url=https://archive.org/details/onfoundationalis00rock_117|url-access=limited|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2004|pages= [https://archive.org/details/onfoundationalis00rock_117/page/n48 65]|isbn=978-0-7425-3427-8}}</ref>
|[[Metaphysical conceptualism]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Oberst | first1 = Michael | year = 2015 | title = Kant on Universals | url = | journal = History of Philosophy Quarterly | volume = 32 | issue = 4| pages = 335–52 }}</ref>|[[Perceptual non-conceptualism]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hanna|first=Robert |title=Kantian non-conceptualism|journal=Philosophical Studies|volume=137|issue=1|pages=41–64|date=January 2008|doi=10.1007/s11098-007-9166-0|s2cid=170296391 }}</ref><ref>The application of the term "perceptual non-conceptualism" to Kant's [[philosophy of perception]] is debatable (see {{cite encyclopedia|last=Hanna|first=Robert |editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N. |chapter-url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-judgment/supplement1.html |chapter=The Togetherness Principle, Kant's Conceptualism, and Kant's Non-Conceptualism: Supplement to Kant's Theory of Judgment|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}).</ref>
|[[Transcendental idealism]]
|[[Empirical realism]]
|[[Indirect realism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Realism and Antirealism in Kant's Moral Philosophy: New Essays|last1=Santos|first1=Robinson dos|last2=Schmidt|first2=Elke Elisabeth|isbn=9783110574517|year=2017|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG|page=199|quote=Kant is an indirect realist.}}</ref>
|[[Correspondence theory of truth]]{{Efn|However, Kant has also been interpreted as a defender of the [[coherence theory of truth]].<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-coherence/ The Coherence Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref>}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=David|first=Marian |editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N. |chapter-url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/ |chapter=The Correspondence Theory of Truth|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2016 |accessdate=2019-10-18}}</ref>
|[[Liberal naturalism]]<ref>Hanna, Robert, ''Kant, Science, and Human Nature''. Clarendon Press, 2006, p. 16.</ref>
|[[Kantian ethics]]
|[[Classical liberalism]]}}
| notable_ideas = {{Collapsible list|
* [[Abstract and concrete|Abstract–concrete distinction]]<ref>''[[Critique of Pure Reason|KrV]]'' A51/B75–6. See also: Edward Willatt, ''Kant, Deleuze and Architectonics'', Continuum, 2010 p. 17: "Kant argues that cognition can only come about as a result of the union of the abstract work of the understanding and the concrete input of sensation."</ref>
* [[Aesthetic judgment|Aesthetic]]–[[teleological judgment]]s
* [[Analytic–synthetic distinction]]
* [[Categorical imperative|Categorical]] and [[hypothetical imperative]]
* [[Category (Kant)|Categories]]
* [[Cosmotheology]]
* [[Critical philosophy]]
* [[Copernican Revolution#Immanuel Kant|Copernican revolution]] in philosophy
* [[Aesthetic distance|Disinterested delight]]
* [[Empirical realism]]
* [[Kant's antinomies]]
* [[Kant's pitchfork]]
* [[Kingdom of Ends]]
* Mathematical vs. dynamical [[Sublime (philosophy)#Immanuel Kant|sublimity]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Burnham|first=Douglas |url=https://www.iep.utm.edu/kantaest/|title=Immanuel Kant: Aesthetics |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|accessdate=2019-10-18}}</ref>
* [[Nebular hypothesis]]
* [[Noogony]] and [[noology]]
* [[Noumenon]] vs. [[thing-in-itself]]
* [[Ontotheology]]
* Primacy of [[practical reason]]<ref>''[[Critique of Practical Reason|KpV]]'' 101–02 (=''Ak'' V, 121–22). See also: Paul Saurette, ''The Kantian Imperative: Humiliation, Common Sense, Politics'', University of Toronto Press, 2005, p. 255 n. 32.</ref>
* [[Public reason#Immanuel Kant|Public reason]]
* ''[[Rechtsstaat#Immanuel Kant|Rechtsstaat]]''
* ''[[Sapere aude]]''
* [[Schema (Kant)|Transcendental schema]]
* [[Theoretical philosophy|Theoretical]] vs. [[practical philosophy]]
* [[Transcendental idealism]]
* [[Transcendental subject]]
* [[Transcendental theology]]
* [[Understanding (Kant)|Understanding–reason distinction]]
}}
| influences = {{Hlist|[[کریستیان ولف]]|[[الکساندر قوتلیب باومقارتن]]|[[افلاطون]]|[[ارسطو]]|[[Johann Georg Hamann|Hamann]] |[[Sextus Empiricus|Empiricus]]|[[Lucretius]]|[[David Hume|Hume]] |[[Adam Smith|Smith]] |[[René Descartes|Descartes]] |[[قوتفرید لایبنیتس]] |[[John Locke|Locke]]| [[ژان ژاک روسو]] |[[آیزاک نیوتون]] |[[یوهانس نیکولاس تتنس]]<ref>Kuehn 2001, p. 251.</ref> |[[Christian August Crusius|Crusius]]<ref>I. Kant, ''Theoretical Philosophy: 1755–1770'', Cambridge University Press, p. 496</ref> |[[Emanuel Swedenborg|Swedenborg]] (disputed)<ref name="Myth of Disenchantment">{{cite book|last=Josephson-Storm|first=Jason|title=The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=2017|pages=185–86|url={{Google books|xZ5yDgAAQBAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|isbn=978-0-226-40336-6}}</ref>|[[اقلیدس]]}}
| influenced = Virtually all subsequent [[Western philosophy]], especially [[Jakob Sigismund Beck|Beck]], [[Friedrich Eduard Beneke|Beneke]], [[برنارد بولتسانو]], [[رودلف کارناپ]], [[یوهان قوتلیب فیشته]], [[قوتلوب فرقه]], [[Paul Guyer|Guyer]], [[Jürgen Habermas|Habermas]], [[George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[مارتین هایدقر]], [[یوهان قوتفرید هردر]], [[فریدریش هاینریش یاکوبی]], [[Karl Jaspers|Jaspers]], [[Salomon Maimon|Maimon]], [[چارلز سندرز پرس]], [[کارل پوپر]], [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[فریدریش ویلهلم یوزف شلینق]], [[فریدریش شلایرماخر]], [[Friedrich Schlegel|Schlegel]], [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]], [[African Spir|Spir]], [[Eduard Zeller|Zeller]]
| signature = Immanuel Kant signature.svg
| academic_advisors = [[مارتین کنوتسن]], [[Johann Gottfried Teske]] (M.A. advisor), [[:s:de:ADB:Marquardt, Konrad Gottlieb|Konrad Gottlieb Marquardt]]<ref>[http://users.manchester.edu/FacStaff/SSNaragon/Kant/bio/biokon2.htm Biographies: Königsberg Professors – Manchester University]: "His lectures on logic and metaphysics were quite popular, and he still taught theology, philosophy, and mathematics when Kant studied at the university. The only textbook found in Kant's library that stems from his student years was Marquardt's book on astronomy."</ref>
| notable_students = [[Jakob Sigismund Beck]], [[یوهان قوتلیب فیشته]], [[یوهان قوتفرید هردر]], [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]] (epistolary correspondent)
| thesis1_title = Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio (A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition)
| thesis1_url = https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/385.html
| thesis1_year = September 1755
| thesis2_title = De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis (Dissertation on the Form and Principles of the Sensible and the Intelligible World)
| thesis2_url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123&redir_esc=y
| thesis2_year = August 1770
}}
▲'''ایمانوئل کانت''' ({{Lang-de|Immanuel Kant
سطر ۱۷ ⟵ ۸۶:
== فلسفه‌سی، یارادیجی‌لیغی ==
کانت فلسفه‌ده چئوریلیش ائتمیش ، ایدراکی اؤز قانونلاری ایله جریان ائدن فعالیّت کیمی
== قایناقلار ==
{{قایناق}}
[[بؤلمه:آلمانلی فیلسوفلار]]
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