کوزووو ساواشی: نوسخهلر آراسینداکی فرق
محتوای حذفشده محتوای افزودهشده
4321bot (دانیشیق | چالیشمالار) |
4321bot (دانیشیق | چالیشمالار) ک ←top: ساواشلار, replaced: Yugoslav Wars ← یوقوسلاو ساواشلاری (2) |
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خط ۱:
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Kosovo War
|partof = the [[
|image = Kosovo War header.jpg
|image_size = 300px
|caption = '''Clockwise from top-left:''' Yugoslav general staff headquarters damaged by [[NATO]] air strikes; a [[Zastava Koral|Yugo]] buried under rubble caused by NATO air strikes; memorial to local [[Kosovo Liberation Army|KLA]] commanders; a [[United States Air Force|USAF]] [[F-15E Strike Eagle|F-15E]] taking off from [[Aviano Air Base]]
|date = February 1998 – 11 June 1999<br />
|place = [[Kosovo]] (then part of [[Serbia and Montenegro|FR Yugoslavia]])
*[[Albania]] {{small|(Albanian & OSCE Claim)}}
|territory = No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244|Resolution 1244]], but effective political and economic separation of [[Kosovo]] from [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|FR Yugoslavia]] under [[UNMIK|United Nations administration]]
|result = [[Kumanovo Treaty]]
*Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
*[[UN Resolution 1244|United Nations Resolution 1244]]
*Return of [[Kosovo Albanians|Albanian]] refugees
*Expulsion of over half of the [[Kosovo Serbs|Serb]] and other non-Albanian civilians{{#tag:ref|
*[[Kosovo Liberation Army|KLA]] veterans join the [[Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac|UÇPMB]], starting the [[Insurgency in the Preševo Valley|Preševo insurgency]]
*[[Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević|Bulldozer Revolution]] in 2000
| combatant1 =
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Kosovo Liberation Army]] [[Kosovo Liberation Army|KLA]]<br />{{flag|Albania|size=23px}}
----
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = yes
|title = {{Flag|NATO|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Belgium|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Canada|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Denmark|size=23px}}
|{{flag|France|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Germany|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Italy|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Luxembourg|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Netherlands|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Norway|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Portugal|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Spain|size=23px}}
|{{flag|Turkey|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United Kingdom|size=23px}}
|{{flag|United States|size=23px}}<ref name="planken1">{{cite web|url=http://planken.org/balkans/allied-force/statistics|title=The Balkans/Allied Force: Statistics|publisher=planken.org|accessdate=2012-02-28}}</ref>
}}
<!-- please don't insert "volunteers" of any sort, as they are not combatant authorities -->
|combatant2 = {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} [[Serbia and Montenegro|FR Yugoslavia]]
<!-- please don't insert "volunteers" of any sort, as they are not combatant authorities -->
|commander1 =
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] [[Adem Jashari]]{{KIA}}<br />
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] [[Hashim Thaçi]]<br />
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] Bilall Syla<br />
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] [[Hamëz Jashari]]{{KIA}}<br />
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] [[Sylejman Selimi]]<br />
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] [[Ramush Haradinaj]]<br />
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] [[Agim Çeku]]<br />
----
{{flagicon|NATO}} [[Wesley Clark]]
----
{{flagicon|Albania}} Kudusi Lama <ref name=KL>{{citation|last=Katamaj|first=Halil|year=2002|title=Kudusi Lama, War General of division of Kukes, during the Kosovo war|location=Tiranë|publisher=Mokra|isbn=99927-781-0-5}}{{page needed|date=May 2012}}</ref>
|commander2 =
{{flagicon|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|1992}} [[Slobodan Milošević]]<br />
{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} [[Dragoljub Ojdanić]]<br />
{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} [[Nebojša Pavković]]<br />
{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} [[Vlastimir Đorđević]]
{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} [[Vladimir Lazarević]]<ref name="setimes2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/bs/features/setimes/features/2006/04/28/feature-02|title=Serbia charges police officers with 1999 Kosovo murders|publisher=SETimes.com|date=2006-04-28|accessdate=2012-05-06}}</ref><br />{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} [[Sreten Lukić]]
|strength1 =
[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] 17,000 – 20,000 [[Kosovo Liberation Army|KLA]] insurgents
----
<!-- File:Flag_of_NATO.svg is copyrighted, so please don't insert it here again -->
{{flagicon|NATO}} ''cca.'' 80 aircraft<br />{{small|([[Operation Eagle Eye (Kosovo)|Operation Eagle Eye]])}}
|strength2 = {{flagicon|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|1992}} 85,000 soldiers
{{flagicon|RUS|1993}} Russian volunteers, unknown number
|casualties1 = [[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] 1,500 insurgents killed (per the KLA)<ref name=Daalder>[[#Daalder & O'Hanlon|Daalder & O'Hanlon 2000]], p. 151</ref><br>[[File:UCK KLA.png|25px|alt=Logo of the Kosovo Liberation Army]] 2,057 insurgents killed (per the [[Humanitarian Law Center|HLC]])<ref name="presentation"/>
----
<!-- File:Flag_of_NATO.svg is copyrighted, so please don't insert it here again -->
{{flagicon|US|1960}} 2 killed (non-combat) and 3 captured
<br />{{flagicon|US|1960}} 2 aircraft shot down and 3 damaged
<br />{{flagicon|NATO}} 47 UAVs shot down
{{flagicon|FRA}} Possible unknown number of [[DGSE]] officers killed
|casualties2 = '''Caused by [[Kosovo Liberation Army|KLA]]:'''<br /> {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} 300+ soldiers killed (per the Yugoslav Army)
''Caused by [[NATO]]:'''<br />{{flagicon|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|1992}} 1,008–1,200 killed{{efn|Serbia claims that 1,008 Yugoslav soldiers and policemen were killed by NATO bombing.<ref name="mondo">{{cite web|url=http://mondo.rs/a278816/Info/Srbija/NATO-nam-ubio-1.008-vojnika-i-policajaca.html|title=NATO nam ubio 1.008 vojnika i policajaca|publisher=Mondo|accessdate=2013-02-11}}</ref> NATO initially claimed that 5,000 Yugoslav servicemen had been killed and 10,000 had been wounded during the NATO air campaign.<ref name="Bideleux & Jeffries">{{cite book|last1=Bideleux|first1=Robert|last2=Jeffries|first2=Ian|title=The Balkans: A Post-Communist History|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=978-0-203-96911-3|page=558}}</ref><ref name="Chambers">{{cite book|last=Chambers II|first=John Whiteclay|title=The Oxford Companion to American Military History|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-19-507198-6|page=375}}</ref> NATO has since revised this estimation to 1,200 Yugoslav soldiers and policemen killed.<ref name="Coopersmith & Launius">{{cite book|last1=Coopersmith|first1=Jonathan|last2=Launius|first2=Roger D.|title=Taking Off: A Century of Manned Flight|publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|year=2003|isbn=978-1-56347-610-5|page=54}}</ref>}}<br /> {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} 14 tanks,<ref name=fourteen>{{cite news|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/03/opinion/la-oe-cockburn-libya-20110403|author=Andrew Cockburn|title=The limits of air power|date=3 April 2011|accessdate=3 March 2013}}</ref> 18 [[Armoured personnel carrier|APCs]], 20 artillery pieces{{sfn|Macdonald|2007|pp=99}} and 121 aircraft and helicopters destroyed
'''Caused by KLA and NATO:'''<br /> {{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} 1,035 killed (per the HLC)<ref name="presentation"/>
|casualties3 ={{flagicon|ALB}} 8,661 [[Kosovo Albanian|Kosovar Albanian]] civilians killed or missing<ref name="List of Kosovo War Victims Published">[http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-war-victims-list-published List of Kosovo War Victims Published]</ref><br />
{{flagicon|ALB}} 90% of Kosovar Albanians displaced during the war<ref name="Facts and Figurues - War in Europe"/> <small>(848,000–863,000 expelled from Kosovo,
{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} 1,730<ref name="presentation">{{cite web|title=Kosovo Memory Book Database Presentation and Evaluation|url=http://www.kosovskaknjigapamcenja.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Transcript_KMB_Data_Evaluation_Press_Conference_February_2_and_6_2015.pdf|accessdate=6 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="demystifying">[http://www.hlc-rdc.org/?p=28616&lang=de Demystifying „NATO Aggression and the Fight Against Shiptar Terrorists“]</ref>–3,500<ref name="GroupedRef2">{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2011&mm=03&dd=24&nav_id=73402|title=Serbia marks anniversary of NATO bombing|publisher=B92|accessdate=2012-05-06}}</ref>
{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}} 230,000 [[Serbs|Kosovo Serbs]], [[Romani people|Romani]] and other non-Albanian civilians displaced
{{flagicon|FR Yugoslavia|1992}}/{{flagicon|ALB}} Civilian deaths caused by [[NATO]] bombing; 489–528 (per [[Human Rights Watch]]) or 1,200–5,700 (per Yugoslavia);<ref name="hrw.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2000/nato/Natbm200-01.htm |title=Civilian Deaths in the NATO Air Campaign – The Crisis In Kosovo |work=HRW |date= |accessdate=January 20, 2012}}</ref> also includes {{flagicon|PRC}} 3 Chinese journalists [[United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade|killed]]
13,548 civilians and fighters dead overall (Albanians, Serbs, Bosniaks, Roma)
|no-location-property = yes
|casus = '''1998–1999''' KLA separatist war.<br />'''1999''' Non-acceptance of the [[Rambouillet talks]].
}}
''{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Kosovo War
|partof = the [[یوقوسلاو ساواشلاری]]<ref>[[#Thomas|Thomas (2006)]], p. 47</ref>
|image = Kosovo War header.jpg
|image_size = 300px
| |||