جئیمز بیوکنن
جئیمز بیوکنن اینگیلیسجه :James buchanan (دوغوم:۱۷۹۱، اؤلوم:۱۸۶۸) آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۱۵-نجی جومهورباشقانی . ۱۸۵۷دن ۱۸۶۱ قدر ایش اوستونده اولدو.
James Buchanan | |
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| 15th President of the United States | |
| ایشده March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861 | |
| Vice President | جان سی. برکینریج |
| قاباقکی | فرانکلین پیرس |
| سونراکی | آبراهام لینکلون |
| 20th United States Minister to the United Kingdom | |
| ایشده August 23, 1853 – March 15, 1856 | |
| رییس‌جومهور | فرانکلین پیرس |
| قاباقکی | جوزف رید اینجرزول |
| سونراکی | جورج ام. دالاس |
| 17th United States Secretary of State | |
| ایشده March 10, 1845 – March 7, 1849 | |
| رییس‌جومهور | جئیمز ناکس پولک زکری تئیلور |
| قاباقکی | جان سی. کلهون |
| سونراکی | جان ام. کلیتون |
| United States Senator from پنسیلوانیا ایالتی | |
| ایشده December 6, 1834 – March 5, 1845 | |
| قاباقکی | ویلیام ویلکینز |
| سونراکی | سایمون کامرون |
| 5th United States Minister to Russia | |
| ایشده June 11, 1832 – August 5, 1833 | |
| رییس‌جومهور | اندرو جکسون |
| قاباقکی | John Randolph |
| سونراکی | ویلیام ویلکینز |
| Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee | |
| ایشده March 5, 1829 – March 3, 1831 | |
| قاباقکی | فیلیپ پندلتون باربور |
| سونراکی | وارن آر. داویس |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from پنسیلوانیا ایالتی | |
| ایشده March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1831 | |
| قاباقکی | Jacob Hibshman (3rd) James S. Mitchell (4th) |
| سونراکی | Daniel H. Miller (3rd) William Hiester (4th) |
| سئچکی دایره‌سی | 3rd district (1821–1823) 4th district (1823–1831) |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from Lancaster County | |
| ایشده 1814–1816 | |
| قاباقکی | Emanuel Reigart, Joel Lightner, Jacob Grosh, John Graff, Henry Hambright, Robert Maxwell |
| سونراکی | Joel Lightner, Hugh Martin, John Forrey, Henry Hambright, Jasper Slaymaker, Jacob Grosh[۱] |
| شخصی بیلگیلر | |
| دوغوم | ۲۳ آوریل ۱۷۹۱ Cove Gap, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| اؤلوم | ۱ ژوئن ۱۸۶۸ (۷۷ یاش) لنکستر، پنسیلوانیا, U.S. |
| ایستراحت یئری | Woodward Hill Cemetery |
| سیاسی حزبی | آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی |
| اوشاقلاری | Harriet Lane, adopted |
| تحصیل | دیکنسون کالجی (BA) |
| ایمضاسی |  |
| نیظامی خیدمت | |
| باغلانتی‌سی |  بیرلشمیش ایالتلر |
| بوداق/خیدمت | Pennsylvania Militia |
| Years of service | 1814[۲][۳] |
| درجه | Private |
| واحید | Henry Shippen's Company, 1st Brigade, 4th Division |
| موباریزه‌لر/ساواشلار | ۱۸۱۲-جی ایل ساواشی • Defense of Baltimore |
قایناقلار
دَییشدیر- ^ Ellis, Franklin; Evans, Samuel (1883). History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Everts & Peck. p. 214.
- ^ Klein, Philip Shriver (1962). President James Buchanan: A Biography. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 17.
- ^ Ticknor, Curtis, George (1883). Life of James Buchanan, Fifteenth President of the United States. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers. p. 10. ISBN 9781623768218.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Works cited
دَییشدیر- Armitage, Susan H.; Faragher, John Mack; Buhle, Mari Jo; Czitrom, Daniel J. (2005). Out of Many, TLC Combined, Revised Printing (4th Edition). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-195130-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Baker, Jean H. (2004). James Buchanan. Times Books. ISBN 0-8050-6946-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) excerpt and text search - Beatty, Michael A. (2001). County Name Origins of the United States. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1025-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Chadwick, Bruce (2008). 1858: Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant and the War They Failed to See. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1402209413.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Curtis, George Ticknor (1883). Life of James Buchanan: Fifteenth President of the United States. Vol. 2. Harper & Brothers.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Flude, Anthony G. (March 2012). "Manuscript XXIII: A Raiatean Petition for American Protection". The Journal of Pacific History. Canberra: Australian National University. 47 (1): 111–121. doi:10.1080/00223344.2011.632982. OCLC 785915823.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Grossman, Mark (2003). Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-060-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Hall, Timothy L. (2001). Supreme Court justices: a biographical dictionary. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8153-1176-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Klein, Philip Shriver (December 1955). "The Lost Love of a Bachelor President". American Heritage Magazine. 7 (1). 2012-11-29-ده یوخلانیب.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Klein, Philip S. (1962). President James Buchanan: A Biography (1995 ed.). American Political Biography Press. ISBN 0-945707-11-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Jurinski, James John (2012). Tax Reform: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-322-4.
- McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199743902.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Nevins, Allan (1950). The Emergence of Lincoln: Douglas, Buchanan, and Party Chaos, 1857–1859. Scribner. ISBN 9780684104157.
- Potter, David Morris (1976). The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. Harper & Row. ISBN 9780060905248.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) Pulitzer prize. - Ross, Shelley (1988). Fall from Grace: Sex, Scandal, and Corruption in American Politics from 1702 to the Present. Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-35381-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Smith, Elbert (1975). The Presidency of James Buchanan. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0132-5.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Stampp, Kenneth M. (1990). America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195074819. 2010-05-26-ده اوریجنال-دن آرشیولشدیریلمیشدیر. 2020-04-27-ده یوخلانیب.
{{cite book}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=وقت مؤهورونون اۇیغونسوزلوغو (کؤمک); Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Strauss, Robert (2016). Worst. President. Ever.: James Buchanan, the POTUS Rating Game, and the Legacy of the Least of the Lesser Presidents. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781493024841.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2009). The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851099528.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک) - Watson, Robert P. (2012). Affairs of State: The Untold History of Presidential Love, Sex, and Scandal, 1789–1900. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442218369.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(کؤمک)
آرتیق اوخو
دَییشدیرایکینجی ال قایناقلار
دَییشدیر- Binder, Frederick Moore (1992). "James Buchanan: Jacksonian Expansionist". Historian. 55 (1): 69–84. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1992.tb00886.x. ISSN 0018-2370.
- Binder, Frederick Moore (1994). James Buchanan and the American Empire. Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 9780945636649.
- Birkner, Michael J., ed. (1996). James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850s. Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 9780945636892.
- Meerse, David (1995). "Buchanan, the Patronage, and the Lecompton Constitution: a Case Study". Civil War History. 41 (4): 291–312. doi:10.1353/cwh.1995.0017. ISSN 0009-8078.
- Nevins, Allan. The Emergence of Lincoln 2 vols. (1960) highly detailed narrative of his presidency
- Nichols, Roy Franklin; The Democratic Machine, 1850–1854 (1923), detailed narrative; online Archived 2010-05-26 at the Wayback Machine.
- Quist, John W.; Birkner, Michael J., eds. (2013). James Buchanan and the Coming of the Civil War. University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813044262.
- Rhodes, James Ford (1906). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the End of the Roosevelt Administration. Vol. 2. Macmillan.
- Silbey, Joel H. (2014). A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861. Wiley. pp. 397–464. ISBN 9781118609293.
- Updike, John (2013) [1974]. Buchanan Dying: A Play. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 9780812984910.
کؤک قایناقلار
دَییشدیر- Buchanan, James. Fourth Annual Message to Congress. Archived 2018-09-12 at the Wayback Machine. (1860, December 3).
- Buchanan, James. Mr Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion (1866)
- National Intelligencer (1859)
ائشیک باغلانتیلار
دَییشدیر| Wikisource has original works written by or about: James Buchanan |
| ویکی‌سؤز ده جئیمز بیوکنن ه مربوط اولان سؤز وار |
| ویکی‌آمباردا جئیمز بیوکنن ایله مربوط فایل وار. |
- White House biography
- United States Congress. جئیمز بیوکنن (id: B001005). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- James Buchanan: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
- The James Buchanan papers, spanning the entirety of his legal, political and diplomatic career, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
- University of Virginia article: Buchanan biography
- Wheatland
- James Buchanan at تولین بیلیم‌یوردو
- Essay on James Buchanan and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs
- Buchanan's Birthplace State Park, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
- "Life Portrait of James Buchanan", from C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life Portraits, June 21, 1999
Primary sources
- Works by جئیمز بیوکنن at Project Gutenberg
- Works by جئیمز بیوکنن at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Works by or about جئیمز بیوکنن at Internet Archive
- James Buchanan Ill with Dysentery Before Inauguration: Original Letters Shapell Manuscript Foundation
- Mr. Buchanans Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion. President Buchanans memoirs.
- Inaugural Address Archived 2020-08-09 at the Wayback Machine.
- Fourth Annual Message to Congress, December 3, 1860
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