شابلون:Infobox boron

Boron, ₅B
General properties
Allotropes	α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (and more)
Appearance	black-brown
Boron in the periodic table
beryllium ← boron → carbon	‍
Atomic number (Z)	5
Group, period	group 13 (boron group), period 2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	{{{electron configuration}}}
Electrons per shell	2, 3
Physical properties
Melting point	2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F)
Boiling point	4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F)
Density when liquid, at m.p.	2.08 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	50.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	508 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	11.087 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.04
Ionization energies	1st: 800.6 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol ; (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 90 pm
Covalent radius	84±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	192 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	rhombohedral
Speed of sound thin rod	16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	β form: 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	27.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−6.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Mohs hardness	~9.5
CAS Number	7440-42-8
تاریخی
Discovery	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard (30 June 1808)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (9 July 1808)
Main isotopes of boron
	10B content is 19.1–20.3% in natural samples, with the remainder being 11B.
	باخ; دانیش; دییش; \| references \| in Wikidata

PTBoron

Be ← i'box Be	iso 5B E infobox E isobox	→ C i'box C
Commons Wiktionary Wikidata:Q618 Indexes in PT: § below ·Page
ب دییش

قایناقلار

^ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements. National Institute of Standards and Technology. یوْخلانیلیب2008-09-21.
^ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
^ ^۳٫۰ ^۳٫۱ Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.127. ISBN 9781498754293.
^ Gay Lussac, J.L.; Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (کؤمک)
^ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.
^ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.

Five of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

<ref name="v1" /> for the source Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF
<ref name="magnet" /> for the source from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
<ref name="NISTic" /> for the source Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements
<ref name="Lussac" /> for the source by Gay-Lussac
<ref name="Davy" /> for the source by Davy