ویکی‌پدیا

ایستیون قراور کلیولند

ایستیون قراور کلیولند اینگیلیسجه :Stephen grover clevland (دوغوم:۱۸۳۷،اؤلوم:۱۹۰۸) آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری اؤلکه‌سی‌نین ۲۲اینجی و ۲۴اونجو جومهورباشقانی .۱۸۸۴دن ۱۸۸۸و ۱۹۹۲ دوره‌لرده ایش اؤستونده اولدو.

ایستیون قراور کلیولند
22nd & 24th President of the United States
ایشده
March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897
Vice Presidentآدلی استیونسون یکم
قاباقکیبنجامین هریسون
سونراکیویلیام مک‌کینلی
ایشده
March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889
Vice Presidentتوماس ای. هندریکس (1885)
None (1885–1889)[a]
قاباقکیچستر آلن آرتور
سونراکیبنجامین هریسون
28th Governor of New York
ایشده
January 1, 1883 – January 6, 1885
LieutenantDavid B. Hill
قاباقکیآلونزو بی. کورنل
سونراکیدیوید بی. هیل
34th Mayor of Buffalo
ایشده
January 2, 1882 – November 20, 1882
قاباقکیAlexander Brush
سونراکیMarcus M. Drake
17th Sheriff of Erie County, New York
ایشده
January 1, 1871 – December 31, 1873[۱]
قاباقکیCharles Darcy
سونراکیJohn B. Weber
شخصی بیلگیلر
دوغوم
Stephen Grover Cleveland

۱۸ مارس ۱۸۳۷
کالدول، نیوجرسی, U.S.
اؤلوم۲۴ ژوئن ۱۹۰۸ (۷۱ یاش)
پرینستون، نیوجرسی, U.S.
ایستراحت یئریPrinceton Cemetery, New Jersey
سیاسی حزبیآمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرین دموکرات حزبی
حیات یولداشلاریFrances Folsom (ائولی ۱۸۸۶)
اوشاقلاری6, including Ruth ("Baby"), Esther, Richard
والئدینیRichard Falley Cleveland
Ann Neal
قوهوملاریRose Cleveland (sister)
Philippa Foot (granddaughter)
صنعتی
  • Politician
  • lawyer
ایمضاسیCursive signature in ink


استون گراور کلیولند


نوتلار

دَییشدیر
  1. ^ Vice President Hendricks died in office. As this was prior to the adoption of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment in 1967, a vacancy in the office of Vice President was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.

قایناقلار

دَییشدیر
  1. ^ Nelson, Julie (2003). American Presidents Year by Year. Routledge. p. 334. ISBN 9780765680464.

آرتیق اوخو

دَییشدیر

Scholarly studies

  • Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. وزتپورت، کانتیکت: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
  • Bard, Mitchell. "Ideology and Depression Politics I: Grover Cleveland (1893–1897)" Presidential Studies Quarterly 1985 15(1): 77–88. ISSN 0360-4918
  • Beito, David T. and Beito, Linda Royster,"Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896–1900," Independent Review 4 (Spring 2000), 555–575.
  • Berhow, Mark A., Ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide, Third Edition. McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Blake, Nelson M. (1942). "Background of Cleveland's Venezuelan Policy". The American Historical Review. 47 (2): 259–277. doi:10.2307/1841667. JSTOR 1841667.
  • Blodgett, Geoffrey. "Ethno-cultural Realities in Presidential Patronage: Grover Cleveland's Choices" New York History 2000 81(2): 189–210. ISSN 0146-437X when a German American leader called for fewer appointments of Irish Americans, Cleveland instead appointed more Germans
  • Blodgett, Geoffrey. "The Emergence of Grover Cleveland: a Fresh Appraisal" New York History 1992 73(2): 132–168. ISSN 0146-437X covers Cleveland to 1884
  • Blum, John. The National Experience (1993) آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-15-500366-6
  • Brodsky, Alan. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Character, (2000). آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-312-26883-1
  • Calhoun, Charles William (2005). Benjamin Harrison. Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-6952-6.
  • Cleaver, Nick. Grover Cleveland's New Foreign Policy: Arbitration, Neutrality, and the Dawn of American Empire (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
  • DeSantis, Vincent P. "Grover Cleveland: Another Look." Hayes Historical Journal 1980 3(1–2): 41–50. ISSN 0364-5924, argues his energy, honesty, and devotion to duty—much more than his actual accomplishments established his claim to greatness.
  • Dewey, Davis R. National Problems: 1880–1897 (1907), online edition Archived 2012-06-08 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Doenecke, Justus. "Grover Cleveland and the Enforcement of the Civil Service Act" Hayes Historical Journal 1984 4(3): 44–58. ISSN 0364-5924
  • Faulkner, Harold U. Politics, Reform, and Expansion, 1890–1900 (1959), online edition Archived 2012-07-26 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Ford, Henry Jones. The Cleveland Era: A Chronicle of the New Order in Politics (1921), short overview online
  • Gould, Lewis. America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1914 (2001) آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-582-35671-7
  • Graff, Henry F. Grover Cleveland (2002). آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-8050-6923-2, short biography by scholar
  • Grossman, Mark, Political Corruption in America: An Encyclopedia of Scandals, Power, and Greed (2003) آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 1-57607-060-3.
  • Hoffman, Karen S. "'Going Public' in the Nineteenth Century: Grover Cleveland's Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act" Rhetoric & Public Affairs 2002 5(1): 57–77. ISSN 1094-8392
  • Hirsch, Mark D. William C. Whitney, Modern Warwick (1948), biography of key political associate
  • Hoffman, Karen S. "'Going Public' in the Nineteenth Century: Grover Cleveland's Repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act" Rhetoric and Public Affairs 2002 5(1): 57–77. in Project MUSE
  • Hoffmann, Charles (1956). "The Depression of the Nineties". The Journal of Economic History. 16 (2): 137–164. doi:10.1017/S0022050700058629. JSTOR 2114113.
  • Hoffmann, Charles. Depression of the nineties; an economic history (1970)
  • Jeffers, H. Paul, An Honest President: The Life and Presidencies of Grover Cleveland (2000), آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-380-97746-X.
  • Kelley, Robert (1966). "Presbyterianism, Jacksonianism and Grover Cleveland". American Quarterly. 18 (4): 615–636. doi:10.2307/2711386. JSTOR 2711386.
  • Klinghard, Daniel P. "Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and the emergence of the president as party leader." Presidential Studies Quarterly 35.4 (2005): 736–760.
  • Lambert, John R. Arthur Pue Gorman (1953)
  • Lynch, G. Patrick "U.S. Presidential Elections in the Nineteenth Century: Why Culture and the Economy Both Mattered." Polity 35#1 (2002) pp. 29–50. in JSTOR, focus on election of 1884
  • McElroy, Robert. Grover Cleveland, the Man and the Statesman: An Authorized Biography (1923) Vol. I, Vol. II, old fashioned narrative
  • McFarland, Gerald W. Mugwumps, morals, & politics, 1884–1920 (1975) آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-87023-175-8
  • McWilliams, Tennant S., "James H. Blount, the South, and Hawaiian Annexation." Pacific Historical Review 1988 57(1): 25–46. in JSTOR.
  • Merrill, Horace Samuel. Bourbon Leader: Grover Cleveland and the Democratic Party (1957) 228 pp
  • Morgan, H. Wayne. From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896 (1969).
  • Nevins, Allan. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage (1932) Pulitzer Prize-winning biography, the major resource on Cleveland.
  • Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. A History of the United States since the Civil War. Volume V, 1888–1901 (Macmillan, 1937). 791 pp; comprehensive old-fashioned political history
  • Reitano, Joanne R. The Tariff Question in the Gilded Age: The Great Debate of 1888 (1994). آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-271-01035-5.
  • Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1877–1896 (1919) online complete; old, factual and heavily political, by winner of Pulitzer Prize
  • Sturgis, Amy H. ed. Presidents from Hayes Through McKinley: Debating the Issues in Pro and Con Primary Documents (Greenwood, 2003).
  • Summers, Mark Wahlgren. Rum, Romanism & Rebellion: The Making of a President, 1884 (2000). آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-8078-4849-2. campaign techniques and issues online edition Archived 2011-11-23 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Tugwell, Rexford Guy, Grover Cleveland Simon & Schuster, Inc. (1968).
  • Welch, Richard E. Jr. The Presidencies of Grover Cleveland (1988) آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-7006-0355-7, scholarly study of the presidential years
  • توماس وودرو ویلسون, Mr. Cleveland as President Atlantic Monthly (March 1897): pp. 289–301 online; Wilson later became president
  • فرید زکریا From Wealth to Power (1999) Princeton University Press. آی‌اس‌بی‌ان 0-691-01035-8.

Primary sources

ائشیک باغلانتیلار

دَییشدیر

Official

Letters and Speeches

Media coverage

Other

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