ویکی‌پدیا

موصول دؤیوشو (۲۰۱۶)

Battle of Mosul (2016–17)
شامیل دیر:the Iraqi Civil War (2014–present) and
the American-led intervention in Iraq

Map of the situation in Mosul, as of 21 July 2017.
  Iraqi government control
  داعش control
  Peshmerga control
تاریخ16 October 2016 – 20 July 2017[a]
(۹ آی و ۴ گون)
یئر
Northern عراق
 • Southwest اربیل اوستانی
 • نینوا اوستانی
نتیجه Decisive Allied victory[۱۰][۱۱][۱۲]
اراضی
دییشیکلیکلری
  • The ISF recaptured all of eastern Mosul by 24 January 2017. The Old City and the rest of Mosul was retaken by 21 July 2017.[۱۳][۱۴][۱۵][۱۶]
  • By 3 December 2016, the ISF and Peshmerga had captured a total of ۵٬۶۷۷ square کیلوmeter (۲٬۱۹۲ sq mi) and 369 villages from ISIL.[۱۷][۱۸][۱۹]
  • Iraqi forces launch another offensive on 25 April 2017, to secure the Iraqi–Syrian border[۲۰]
  • The PMU captures 360 villages, and an area of around 14,000 square kilometres to west of Mosul, by mid-June 2017[۲۱]
دویوشچولر

عراق عراق[۱]

Supported by:

 ایران[۶]
Hezbollah[۷]

Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order (limited involvement)[۸][۹]		  شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی (ISIL)
باشچیلار و لیدرلر
عراق Lt. Gen. Abdul Amir Rashid Yarallah
(commander of the operation)
عراق Lt. Gen. Talib Shaghati al-Kenan
(Joint Military Command, ICTS)
عراق Maj. Gen. Fadhil Jalil al-Barwari
(ISOF commander)
عراق Lt. Gen. Abdul Ghani al-Assadi
(Mosul Counter Terrorism Service commander)
عراق Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis[۲۲]
(Head of the PMF)
عراق کوردیستانی مسعود بارزانی
(President of Regional Kurdish Government)[۲۳]
بیرلشمیش ایالتلر Lt. Gen. Stephen J. Townsend
(CJTF-OIR commander)
Muhammad Kawarithmi[۷]
(Hezbollah commander of Iraqi operations)
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri (Secretary General of the Ba'ath Party)		 شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی ابوبکر بغدادی
(Leader of ISIL)
شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی Haqqi Esmaeil Owaid ⚔[۲۴]
(a.k.a. Abu Ahmed; ISIL Governor of Mosul)
شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی Ahmad Khalaf al-Jabouri
(ISIL military commander of Mosul)[۲۵]
شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی Aymam al-Mosuli ⚔[۲۶]
(Commander of the special security forces)
ایشتیراک ائدن واحیدلر
See Anti-ISIL forces order of battle See ISIL order of battle
گوج

Total: 108,500–114,000 fighters[۲۷]

Support:
450 CJTF–OIR personnel[۳۰]		 6,000–12,000 militants
(1,000+ foreigners)[۳۱][۳۲][۳۳][۳۴]
تلفاتلار و ایتکیلر

عراق 1,200–1,400 killed, 6,000–7,000+ wounded[۳۵][۳۶]
عراق کوردیستانی 30 killed, 70–100 wounded[۳۷]
بیرلشمیش ایالتلر 2 killed, 20 wounded[۳۸]
ایران 3 killed[۳۹][۴۰]
Total: 1,235–1,435+ killed, 6,090–7,120+ wounded (per U.S.)

عراق عراق کوردیستانی 9,100+ killed
(per ISIL)[۴۱]		 7,757–10,859+ (per Iraqi commanders during the battle)[۴۲]
16,467 killed (per Iraqi diplomatic official)[۴۳]
25,000+ killed (per top Iraqi commander)[۴۴]

6,340 civilians killed and 17,124 injured (as of mid-March 2017, per observer Joel Wing)[۴۵]
8,000+ civilians killed or injured (as of 5 May 2017; per The Telegraph)[۴۶]
5,805 civilians killed (19 Feb.–19 June 2017, by Iraqi/Coalition strikes, per AI)[۴۷][۴۸]
9,606–11,000 civilians killed (per AP)[۴۹]
40,000 civilians killed (per Asayish)[۵۰]
2,521+ civilians killed, another 1,673 wounded (per UN)[۵۱]
فرانسه 2 French journalists killed[۵۲][۵۳]
عراق 47 Iraqi journalists killed, 55 wounded (per Federation of Arab Journalists)[۵۴]

Displaced:
1,072,170 (per IOM)[۵۵][۵۶]
920,000+ (per the UN and Iraq)[۵۷]
a The Iraqi Government formally declared victory on 10 July 2017,[۱۰][۱۱] but the fighting continued,[۵۸][۵۹] with heavy airstrikes and shelling,[۶۰][۶۱][۶۲] until 20 July.[۱۴][۱۵][۶۳] The Iraqi military and CENTCOM claimed that these were "clearance operations".[۶۴][۶۵]
موصول شهری عراق قوزئیینده دیر. چوخلو عراق تورکمانلاری بو شهرده و اطراف بؤلگه لرینده یاشاییرلار

موصول دؤیوشو (عربجه. معركة الموصل) عراقدا موصول شهری نی داعش ترورچولاری ایشغالیندان چیخارتماق اۆچون ۲۰۱۶.جی ایل اوکتوبر آیی نین ۱۶.جی گونوندن باشلانان ساواشلاری دیر. بو ساواشمالاری عراق اوردوسو (ارتشی) اؤندرلیک ائدیر ، و عملیاتدا عراقلی اوردویا بنزرلر (شیبه نیظامیلار/میلیشیا)، کورد پئشمرگه لری و هابئله آمریکا، فرانسه، بریتانیا و باشقا ائتلاف گوجلری قاتقیلاری واردیر. موصول ۲۰۱۴ژوئن آییندا داعیش قووه لری طرفیندن ایشغالیندن اولوندو و بو عملیاتلار موصولو داعیش کونترولوندان چیخارتماق اۆچون 2015 و 2016جی ایللرده یاریمچیلیق سالدیریلارین دوامی دیر. و 2003جی ایل آمریکانی ایشغال ائدندن سونرا، عراقدا ان بؤیوک اوردو ساواشی ساییلیر.

موصول شهرینده ان آزی 1.5 میلیون اینسان یاشاییر و بو قورخو وار کی بو دؤیوشده داعیش اونلاردان اینسان قالخانی (سپر انسانی) اولاراق ایشه آپاریب ، بؤیوک بیر اینسانی فاجعه باش وئرسین.

آرخا پلان

دَییشدیر
 
موصول شهری نین موحاصیره دورومو ۲۰۱۶اوقوست آییندا

قاتیلان گوجلر

دَییشدیر
 
آمریکالی ژنرال استفان جی. تاونسند ائتلاف گوجلری نین باشچی سی باتی(غربی) غیاره هاواآلانیندا، 2016 سپتامبری نین 22 سی

داعیش

دَییشدیر

موصول دا تخمینلره گؤره 3000 دن 9000 آراسینا داعیش دؤیوشچوسو اؤز موضعلریندن مودافیعه ائدیرلر.

عراق اوردوسو و یاردیمچیلاری

دَییشدیر

قارشیلیقدا ایسه عراق اوردوسوندان 60٫000 نفر، عراق اوردویا بنزرلریندن 14٫000 نفر، 40٫000 پئشمرگه، آمریکا لوجستیک (آرخادان یاردیم ائدن) گوجلری 500، بریتانیادان 14 ساواش اوچاغی، اوسترالیالی 80 عسگر، فرانسه لی 500 عسگر، کانادا دان 210 عسگر و 60 طیببی یاردیم عسگری ساواشدا قاتقیلاری واردیر.

قایناق

دَییشدیر
  1. ^ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ ۱٫۲ ۱٫۳ Chulov, Martin; Summers, Hannah (17 October 2016). "Mosul offensive: forces launch mass attack on Iraqi city in bid to oust Isis". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/17/iraqi-forces-begin-assault-on-isis-stronghold-mosul.
  2. ^ Berthiaume, Lee (17 October 2016). "Canadian troops supporting Kurds in fight to free Mosul from ISIS". CBC News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harjit-sajjan-supporting-troops-iraq-1.3809333.
  3. ^ "Australia to have role in battle for Mosul". Sky News Australia. 17 October 2016. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205626/http://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2016/10/17/australia-to-have-role-in-battle-for-mosul.html.
  4. ^ "Germany 'will take part in the battle for Mosul'". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab). 24 September 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/9/24/germany-will-take-part-in-the-battle-for-mosul.
  5. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام aj1023 وارد نشده است
  6. ^ Iaconangelo, David (29 October 2016). "What role is Iran playing in the Mosul offensive?". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2016/1029/What-role-is-Iran-playing-in-the-Mosul-offensive.
  7. ^ ۷٫۰ ۷٫۱ Daoud, David (5 November 2016). "Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php.
  8. ^ "تحرير الموصل.. جيش النقشبندية ينفي اشتباك البشمركة مع "داعش"" (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. https://www.albawabhnews.com/2168253.
  9. ^ Habib, Mustafa. "Militias Betrayed By Mosul’s Extremists Say They Too Will Have Revenge" (in en). Niqash. Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20180308232826/http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/security/5395/Militias-Betrayed-By-Mosul%25E2%2580%2599s-Extremists-Say-They-Too-Will-Have-Revenge.htm. موصول دؤیوشو (۲۰۱۶)
  10. ^ ۱۰٫۰ ۱۰٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام formally declares victory وارد نشده است
  11. ^ ۱۱٫۰ ۱۱٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام completely freed وارد نشده است
  12. ^ Davis, Daniel L. (17 July 2017). "I Interviewed the War-Weary Residents of Mosul. The Fight for the City Is Far from Over". The National Interest. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017. http://nationalinterest.org/feature/i-interviewed-the-war-weary-residents-mosul-the-fight-the-21571.
  13. ^ Michaels, Jim (24 January 2017). "Iraqi forces secure eastern Mosul from Islamic State". USA Today. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/01/24/iraqi-forces-secure-eastern-mosul-islamic-state/96997934/.
  14. ^ ۱۴٫۰ ۱۴٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام 250 families وارد نشده است
  15. ^ ۱۵٫۰ ۱۵٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام residual وارد نشده است
  16. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام July 22 airstrike log وارد نشده است
  17. ^ Mosul offensive: Federal Police forces liberate 61 villages and 1400 square kilometers. iraqinews.com (30 October 2016). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 31 October 2016.
  18. ^ Bacon, John (30 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul intensifies as Shiite militias join fray". USA Today. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/10/30/battle-mosul-intensifies-shiite-militias-join-fray/93017632/.
  19. ^ Rojkan, Mira (4 December 2016). "Joint Forces Continue to Advance, Liberating More Areas in Mosul". BasNews. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/iraq/315744.
  20. ^ "Iraqi troops capture largest neighborhood in western Mosul". USA Today. Associated Press. 25 April 2017. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/04/25/iraqi-troops-capture-largest-neighborhood-western-mosul/100873154/.
  21. ^ "Hashd Shaabi: West Mosul operation ends successfully". Tasnim News Agency. Ahlul Bayt News Agency. 10 June 2017. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. http://en.abna24.com/news/middle-east/hashd-shaabi-west-mosul-operation-ends-successfully_835614.html.
  22. ^ al-Ghazi, Muhannad (25 October 2016). Anti-IS troops are gaining ground on multiple fronts in Iraq. Al-Monitor. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 1 November 2016.
  23. ^ Mattis Confers With Kurdistan Regional Government President. United States Department of Defense (18 February 2017). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 26 March 2017.
  24. ^ "Daesh governor of Mosul, other leaders killed". Press TV. 16 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/02/16/510796/Iraqi-airstrikes-Mosul-Daesh-militants-USled-coalition-drone-attack.
  25. ^ Kittleson, Shelly (29 May 2017). "Iraqi forces advance from north ahead of ‘extremely violent’ fight". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170616021103/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/05/iraq-forces-mosul-isis-abadi-civilians.html.
  26. ^ Okbi, Yasser; Hashavua, Maariv (27 October 2016). "Report: ISIS 'Rambo' killed in battle south of Mosul". Jerusalem Post. Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Report-ISIS-Rambo-killed-in-battle-south-of-Mosul-471023/.
  27. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام Mosul battle forces وارد نشده است
  28. ^ ۲۸٫۰ ۲۸٫۱ ۲۸٫۲ Walsh, Nick Paton; Blau, Max; Park, Madison; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (17 October 2016). "Battle for Mosul: Iraqi forces inflict 'heavy losses'". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/17/middleeast/mosul-isis-operation-begins-iraq/index.html.
  29. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام ptv وارد نشده است
  30. ^ Iraq launches offensive on ISIL in Anbar province. The National. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 6 January 2017.
  31. ^ "Irak : l'opération pour reprendre Mossoul des mains de l'EI est lancée" (in fr). Le Monde. Agence France-Presse. 17 October 2016. http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/article/2016/10/17/irak-debut-de-l-operation-pour-reprendre-mossoul-des-mains-de-l-ei_5014713_3218.html.
  32. ^ Coles, Isabel; Walcott, John; Chmaytelli, Maher (8 March 2017). "Islamic State leader Baghdadi abandons Mosul fight to field commanders, U.S. and Iraqi sources say". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-baghdadi-idUSKBN16F1DF.
  33. ^ Bergen, Peter (27 October 2016). "ISIS leaders may flee Mosul as their ranks are decimated". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/26/world/will-isis-leaders-escape-mosul-bergen/index.html.
  34. ^ Over 12,000 ISIS militants fighting for Mosul (27 June 2016). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 16 May 2017.
  35. ^ 2 American Soldiers Killed in Iraq, U.S. Military Says (13 August 2017).
  36. ^ Revived After Mosul, Iraqi Forces Prepare to Battle ISIS in Tal Afar (18 August 2017).
  37. ^ IS trickling out of Mosul as losses mount: US general. Al-Monitor. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 28 October 2016. یوْخلانیلیب27 October 2016.
  38. ^ "Remarks by Secretary Mattis at a Troop Event in Naval Base Kitsap, Washington". U.S. Department of Defense. 9 August 2017. https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript-View/Article/1276693/remarks-by-secretary-mattis-at-a-troop-event-in-naval-base-kitsap-washington/.
  39. ^ Iranian sniper embedded in Iraqi militia killed near Mosul. Long War Journal. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 5 March 2017.
  40. ^ Abdul-Zahra, Qassim (27 May 2017). "Iraq says Iranian commander killed fighting IS". Associated Press. ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170527093707/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/aid-groups-warn-chaos-mosul-civilians-told-flee-47675493.
  41. ^ ISIL claims 9,000 Iraqi soldiers killed in 6 months. Al-Masdar News. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 18 July 2017.
  42. ^ • 3,400 killed (Oct. 2016–Jan. 2017); – ISIL Loses 3,400 Terrorists, over Half of Militants, in Mosul. فارس (سایت) (25 January 2017). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 28 July 2017.
     • 3,320–5,622 killed (Feb.–May 2017); – Mostafa, Mohamed (8 May 2017). Ministry: more than 3000 IS militants killed in western Mosul offensive. Iraqi News. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 8 May 2017.; – Iraqi forces fight to break through ISIS’ last five defenses in Mosul. Rudaw Media Network (21 May 2017). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 21 May 2017.
     • 1,000–1,800 (June–July 2017); – "Mosul battle: Despair and death as civilians flee". BBC News. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40307827.; – Over 1,000 IS Militants Killed in Mosul’s Old City: Police (10 July 2017). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 28 July 2017.
     • 18 killed (10 July); – Griffis, Margaret (11 July 2017). ISIS Hangs Children; 106 Killed in Iraq. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 11 July 2017.
     • 9 killed (13 July); – Griffis, Margaret (14 July 2017). Suicide Attack on HQ near Baghdad; 73 Killed in Iraq. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 14 July 2017.
     • 10 killed (16 July); – Griffis, Margaret (17 July 2017). 1,000 Mosul Children Searching For Families; 44 Killed in Iraq. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 17 July 2017.
     •  Total of 7,757–10,859+ reported killed
  43. ^ Around 16,000 militants killed during Mosul liberation (19 July 2017). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 19 July 2017.
  44. ^ 25,000 Daesh killed in Mosul liberation operations. Anadolu Agency. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 28 July 2017. یوْخلانیلیب17 July 2017.
  45. ^ What the Largest Battle of the Decade Says About the Future of War. Defense One (8 July 2017).
  46. ^ Mosul offensive: Iraqi army launches 'final push' as army attacks Isil from north-west. The Telegraph. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 7 May 2017.
  47. ^ At Any Cost: The Civilian Catastrophe in West Mosul, Iraq Archived 15 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  48. ^ Heavy Fighting Shakes West Mosul a Day After Victory Over ISIS Is Declared Archived 13 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  49. ^ 9,000-plus died in battle with Islamic State group for Mosul. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2017-12-22. یوْخلانیلیب2018-06-14.
  50. ^ The massacre of Mosul: 40,000 feared dead in battle to take back city from Isis as scale of civilian casualties revealed Archived 19 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  51. ^ IS 'executed' 741 civilians during Mosul battle - UN. BBC News (2 November 2017).
  52. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام journalists وارد نشده است
  53. ^ Mosul battle: Third journalist dies after mine blast. BBC News. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 24 June 2017.
  54. ^ Bodies of two journalists killed by Islamic State in south of Mosul found. Iraq News. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 20 July 2017. یوْخلانیلیب20 July 2017.
  55. ^ 846,252 displaced, 225,918 returnees "Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)". International Organisation For Migration. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. http://iraqdtm.iom.int/EmergencyTracking.aspx. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  56. ^ Mosul Iraq Situation Flash Update. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (6 November 2016). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 8 November 2016.
  57. ^ Gordon, Michael R. (6 July 2017). "No Escape From Mosul, and Unlikely Chance of Surrender". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/world/middleeast/mosul-iraq-isis.html.
  58. ^ Pannell, Ian; McGarry, Matthew; Redman, Megan; Walker, Knez. "On the front lines of Iraqi forces fighting ISIS to take back Mosul". ABC News. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. http://abcnews.go.com/International/front-lines-iraqi-forces-fighting-back-mosul-isis/story?id=48592733.
  59. ^ Chaim, Gabriel (12 July 2017). "Video Shows Mosul Civilians Trapped in a Fight Clearly Not Over". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/world/middleeast/mosul-civilians-isis-drone-video.html.
  60. ^ Clashes shake west Mosul after victory over IS declared Archived 16 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
  61. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام 200ISIS وارد نشده است
  62. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام facespockets وارد نشده است
  63. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام ISIL remnants وارد نشده است
  64. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام daysafter وارد نشده است
  65. ^ Iraqi Security Forces liberate Mosul Archived 16 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.

گؤرونتولر

دَییشدیر
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