ویکی‌پدیا

بوکو حرام آیاقلانماسی

بوکو حرام آیاقلانماسی ، ۲۰۰۹-جی ایلدن بوکو حرام اوْردوسو و نیجریه اوْردوسو آراسیندا ساواش‌دیر. نیجریه یاخین زاماندا چاد، کامرون و نیجر اوْردولارینی دستکله‌دی.

Boko Haram insurgency
شامیل دیر:the Religious violence in Nigeria and
the ایسلام دؤولتی علیهینه ساواش موداخیله


Niger Army soldiers during an operation against Boko Haram in March 2015 (top)
نیجریهn CJTF militiamen in 2015 (bottom)
تاریخ26 July 2009 – present
(۱۵ ایل، ۳ آی، ۱ هفته و ۳ گون)
یئر
Northeast Nigeria Northern Cameroon (from 2012)
Southeast Niger (from 2014)
Western Chad (from 2014)[۴۵]
وضعیت

Ongoing (Map of the current military situation)

دویوشچولر

Multinational Joint Task Force

Local militias and vigilantes[۴]

Foreign mercenaries[۹]

Supported by:

Boko Haram (aligned with داعش from 2015)[a]

Ansaru[b]
Supported by:
al-Qaeda[۳۹]

Taliban[۴۴]
 شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی (from 2015)[۲۹]
باشچیلار و لیدرلر

نیجریه Muhammadu Buhari
(2015–present)
نیجریه Goodluck Jonathan (2010–2015)
نیجریه Umaru Yar'Adua (2009–2010)
نیجریه Ibrahim Geidam (2007–2009)
نیجریه Ali Modu Sheriff (2009–11)
نیجریه Kashim Shettima (2011–present)
نیجریه Isa Yuguda (2007–2015)
کامرون Paul Biya (2014–present)
چاد Idriss Déby (2015–present)

نیجر Mahamadou Issoufou (2014–present)

شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی Abubakar Shekau
شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی Abu Musab al-Barnawi
شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی Mallam Sanni Umaru[۴۶]
Mohammed Yusuf Executed

Abubakar Adam Kambar ⚔[۴۷]
Khalid al-Barnawi (اسیر)[۴۸][۴۹]
Abu Jafa'ar[۵۰]
گوج

Nigerian Army:
130,000 active frontline personnel;
32,000 active reserve personnel
Nigeria Police Force:
371,800 officers
Multinational Joint Task Force:
7,500 active personnel[۱۲]
(excluding کامرون and نیجریه)
Cameroonian Armed Forces:
20,000 active personnel
بیرلشمیش ایالتلر 300 advisers[۲۵][۲۶]
Militias and vigilantes: Unknown, several tens of thousands[۵۱]

ISIL: 7,000–10,000[۵۳]

Ansaru: Unknown
تلفاتلار و ایتکیلر
Unknown 1,957+ killed[نیازمند منبع]
1,713+ surrendered[۵۴][۵۵][۵۶][۵۷][۵۸][۵۹]

51,567+ total killed[۶۰]

2,400,000 مجبوری کؤچکون‌‌لر[۶۱][۶۲][۶۳]

گؤرونتولر

دَییشدیر
  1. ^ Faced with Boko Haram, Cameroon weighs death penalty for terrorism. Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. By Tansa Musa, Reuters. YAOUNDE Wed Dec 3, 2014 9:56am EST.
  2. ^ Chad armoured column heads for Cameroon to fight Boko Haram. AFP for Yahoo! News, January 16, 2015 4:54 PM.
  3. ^ ۳٫۰ ۳٫۱ West Africa leaders vow to wage 'total war' on Boko Haram By John Irish and Elizabeth Pineau. 17 May 2014 2:19 PM.
  4. ^ "Vigilantes Settle Local Scores With Boko Haram". Voice of America. 15 February 2015. http://www.voanews.com/media/video/vigilantes-settle-local-scores-with-boko-haram/2644375.html. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  5. ^ ICG (2018), pp. i, 4–8.
  6. ^ ICG (2018), pp. 5, 6.
  7. ^ ICG (2018), pp. i, 3, 7.
  8. ^ ICG (2018), p. 3.
  9. ^ Adama Nossiter (12 March 2015). "Mercenaries Join Nigeria’s Military Campaign Against Boko Haram". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/world/africa/nigerias-fight-against-boko-haram-gets-help-from-south-african-mercenaries.html. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  10. ^ Colin Freeman (10 May 2015). South African mercenaries' secret war on Boko Haram. The Daily Telegraph. یوْخلانیلیب17 March 2018.
  11. ^ Union agrees to send 7,500 troops to fight Boko Haram in Nigeria[اولو باغلانتی]. Mashable.com, Jan 31, 2015.
  12. ^ ۱۲٫۰ ۱۲٫۱ The African Union Readies an Army to Fight Boko Haram, Medium.com.
  13. ^ ۱۳٫۰ ۱۳٫۱ ۱۳٫۲ Feeling the heat: West combats extremists' advance in Africa's deserts. CNN (27 February 2015).
  14. ^ Canada joins effort to free Nigerian schoolgirls. May 14, 2014 3:23 pm Updated: May 15, 2014 7:01 pm. By Murray Brewster, The Canadian Press
  15. ^ ۱۵٫۰ ۱۵٫۱ ۱۵٫۲ Kidnapped schoolgirls: British experts to fly to Nigeria 'as soon as possible'. theguardian.com, Wednesday 7 May 2014 17.33 BST.
  16. ^ Iaccino, Ludovica (5 December 2016). Nigeria turns east: Russia and Pakistan now selling warplanes to help in Boko Haram fight. یوْخلانیلیب1 May 2018.
  17. ^ Nigerian Special Forces battalion completes training course in Pakistan. یوْخلانیلیب1 May 2018.
  18. ^ Boko Haram: Obasanjo leads Colombian security experts to Buhari - Premium Times Nigeria (12 October 2015). یوْخلانیلیب1 May 2018.
  19. ^ In Pictures: Lt. General Buratai visits Colombia. The NEWS.
  20. ^ Egypt Pledges To Support Nigeria In Fight Against Boko Haram • Channels Television (30 May 2015). یوْخلانیلیب1 May 2018.
  21. ^ Boko Haram: Egypt assures Nigeria of support - The Nation Nigeria (20 October 2015). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2018-07-22. یوْخلانیلیب1 May 2018.
  22. ^ Iran ready to help Nigeria over abducted girls: Diplomat. Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Monday 19 May, 201404:53 PM GMT.
  23. ^ Israel sends experts to help hunt for Nigerian schoolgirls kidnapped by Islamists. Jerusalem Post; 05/20/2014 18:03.
  24. ^ British troops to help fight against Boko Haram as SAS target Isil. the Telegraph (20 December 2014).
  25. ^ ۲۵٫۰ ۲۵٫۱ Obama to deploy 300 US troops to Cameroon to fight Boko Haram | World news. The Guardian. یوْخلانیلیب25 October 2015.
  26. ^ ۲۶٫۰ ۲۶٫۱ US troops deployed to Cameroon for Boko Haram fight. Al Jazeera English (2015-10-14). یوْخلانیلیب25 October 2015.
  27. ^ ۲۷٫۰ ۲۷٫۱ TRADOC G-2 (2015), pp. 4, 19.
  28. ^ ICG 2014, pp. ii, 22, 26, 27.
  29. ^ ۲۹٫۰ ۲۹٫۱ ۲۹٫۲ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام Province vs Shekau وارد نشده است
  30. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام Boko Haram joins ISIL وارد نشده است
  31. ^ "Behind Boko Haram's Split: A Leader Too Radical for Islamic State". Wall Street Journal. 15 September 2016. https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-boko-haram-s-split-a-leader-too-radical-for-islamic-state-1473931827. Retrieved 2 October 2016.(subscription required)
  32. ^ "Boko Haram Split Creates Two Deadly Forces". Voice of America. 2 August 2017. https://www.voanews.com/a/boko-haram-split-two-deadly-forces/3970425.html.
  33. ^ Shekau Resurfaces, Accuses New Boko Haram Leader al-Barnawi Of Attempted Coup. 360nobs (4 August 2016). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2018-07-17. یوْخلانیلیب16 July 2018.
  34. ^ Yinka Ibukun (26 March 2018). Nigeria Turns to Dialogue to End 9-Year Islamist Insurgency. Bloomberg News. یوْخلانیلیب16 July 2018.
  35. ^ ۳۵٫۰ ۳۵٫۱ ICG 2014, p. 26.
  36. ^ Sudarsan Raghavan (31 May 2013). "Nigerian Islamist militants return from Mali with weapons, skills". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigerian-islamist-militants-return-from-mali-with-weapons-skills/2013/05/31/d377579e-c628-11e2-9cd9-3b9a22a4000a_story.html. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  37. ^ Steve White (13 March 2013). "Nigerian hostage deaths: British hostage executed in error". Daily Mirror. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/nigerian-hostage-deaths-british-hostage-1754571. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  38. ^ Jacob Zenn (9 December 2017). Electronic Jihad in Nigeria: How Boko Haram Is Using Social Media. Jamestown Foundation. یوْخلانیلیب16 July 2018.
  39. ^ ICG 2014, pp. 22–24, 27.
  40. ^ ICG 2014, pp. 22, 26, 27.
  41. ^ "Al-Qaeda now has a united front in Africa’s troubled Sahel region" (in en). Newsweek. 3 March 2017. http://www.newsweek.com/al-qaeda-groups-unite-sahel-563351. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  42. ^ "Islamists Ansaru claim attack on Mali-bound Nigeria troops: paper". Reuters. 20 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130202022322/http://news.yahoo.com/islamists-ansaru-claim-attack-mali-bound-nigeria-troops-153819155.html.
  43. ^ ICG 2014, pp. 22, 26.
  44. ^ ICG 2014, p. 23.
  45. ^ The Christian Science Monitor. Boko Haram escalates battle with bold move into Chad. The Christian Science Monitor. یوْخلانیلیب2016-02-20.
  46. ^ Nigeria: Boko Haram Resurrects, Declares Total Jihad. allAfrica.
  47. ^ ICG 2014, pp. 26, 27.
  48. ^ Khalid al-Barnawi: Nigeria Islamist group head 'arrested'. BBC News.
  49. ^ Secret trials of thousands of Boko Haram suspects to start in Nigeria. The Guardian (9 October 2017). یوْخلانیلیب16 July 2018.
  50. ^ Ansaru: A Profile of Nigeria’s Newest Jihadist Movement. Jamestown Foundation (10 January 2013).
  51. ^ ICG (2018), pp. i, ii.
  52. ^ ICG (2018), p. ii.
  53. ^ How Big Is Boko Haram? (2 February 2015). یوْخلانیلیب2 February 2015.
  54. ^ Boko Haram 'fighters' surrender as alleged chief killed. BBC (September 25, 2014). یوْخلانیلیبJune 20, 2016.
  55. ^ Nigerian military claims surrender of 200 Boko Haram fighters. Yahoo (September 25, 2015). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2016-08-11. یوْخلانیلیبJune 20, 2016.
  56. ^ 76 starving Boko Haram members surrender to Nigerian military. Fox News (March 2, 2016). یوْخلانیلیبJune 20, 2016.
  57. ^ "300 Boko Haram members surrender in Cameroon". Vanguard. September 28, 2014. http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/09/300-boko-haram-members-surrender-cameroon/. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  58. ^ "800 Boko Haram militants surrender to Nigeria, General claims". The Independent. April 7, 2016. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/800-boko-haram-militants-surrender-to-nigerian-military-general-claims-a6972496.html. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  59. ^ Nigerian troops ‘rescue 157 captives as 77 Boko Haram members surrender’. Premium Times (June 1, 2016). یوْخلانیلیبJune 20, 2016.
  60. ^ Boko Haram in Nigeria. Council on Foreign Relations. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2017-07-02. یوْخلانیلیب29 September 2017.
  61. ^ ACLED Version 5 (1997–2014). Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2015-05-22. یوْخلانیلیب13 January 2015.
  62. ^ Nigeria IDP Figures Analysis. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2018-04-30. یوْخلانیلیب2018-09-29.
  63. ^ IOM Highlights Humanitarian Needs of 2.4 Million Displaced in Northeast Nigeria. International Organisation of Migration.


قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> برای گروهی به نام «lower-alpha» وجود دارد، اما برچسب متناظر با <references group="lower-alpha"/> یافت نشد.

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