ویکی‌پدیا

قوزئی مالی چاتیشماسی

</ref>

Northern Mali conflict
شامیل دیر:the مغریب عوصیانی (۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)-گۆنوموز)

Map showing the fullest extent of rebel-held territory in January 2013, before it was re-taken by Malian and French forces.
تاریخ8 March 2004
یئر
Northern مالی
نتیجه

Ongoing

  • The Tuareg rebellion began driving government forces out of Northern Mali in January 2012
  • Malian president Amadou Toumani Touré is ousted in a coup d'état led by Amadou Sanogo[۹]
  • Northern Mali completely captured by rebels by April 2012, "Independent State of Azawad" declared by the MNLA
  • Islamist groups (Ansar Dine, AQIM
  • France and some African states intervene and help the Malian Army to re-take most of Northern Mali
  • Peace deal between the government and Tuareg rebels signed on 18 June 2013[۱۰]
  • Peace deal ended after Malian soldiers opened fire on unarmed protesters[۱۱][۱۲]
  • Ceasefire signed on 20 February 2015 between Malian government and the Coordination of Azawad Movements
  • Mali's leaders have rejected autonomy, but are willing to consider devolved local powers
  • Low-level fighting continues
دویوشچولر

مالی Government of Mali

 فرانسه
ECOWAS

full list

 چاد[۷]
 بوروندی[۸]


 قابون


 جنوبی آفریقا[۱۳]
 رواندا[۱۳]
 تانزانیا[۱۳]
 اوقاندا
 چین[۱۴]
 آلمان[۱۵]
 سوئد
 ایستونی[۱۶]

Supported by:

full list

'Non-state combatants:
Ganda Iso
FLNA[۲۸] | combatant2 = * National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
(MNLA)

  • Islamic Movement of Azawad
    (MIA)[۲۹]

| combatant3 = Al-Qaeda

Nigerian jihadist volunteers

 شام و عیراق ایسلامی دؤولتی

  • Islamic State in the Greater Sahara

| commander1 = مالی Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (since September 2013)
مالی Dioncounda Traoré (April 2012–September 2013)
مالی Amadou Sanogo (March–April 2012)
مالی Amadou Toumani Touré (until March 2012)
مالی Sadio Gassama (until March)
مالی El Haji Ag Gamou (until March)
فرانسه Emmanuel Macron
فرانسه فرانسوا اولاند
فرانسه Pierre de Villiers
فرانسه Édouard Guillaud
فرانسه Colonel Thierry Burkhard
فرانسه Brigade General Gregory de Saint-Quentin
نیجریه Shehu Usman Abdulkadir
نیجر Yaye Garba
چاد Mahamat Déby Itno
چاد Abdel Aziz Hassane Adam  ☪
چاد Omar Bikomb

full list

Mohamed Lamine Ould Sidatt (NLFA)
Housseine Khoulam (NLFA)[۲۸] | commander2 = شابلون:Country data Azawad Mahmoud Ag Aghaly
شابلون:Country data Azawad Bilal Ag Acherif
شابلون:Country data Azawad Moussa Ag Acharatoumane
شابلون:Country data Azawad Mohamed Ag Najem | commander3 = Mokhtar Belmokhtar
Abdelhamid Abou Zeid ☪[۳۴][۳۵]
Abdelmalek Droukdel | strength1 = مالی 6,000–
7,000 فرانسه 3,000
چاد 2,000[۷]
نیجریه 1,200[۱][۳۶]
آلمان 1000 (2017)[۱۵]
توقو 733[۲۷]
سیرالئون 650
بورکینافاسو 500[۱]
فیل دیشی ساحیلی 500[۲۷]
نیجر 500[۱]
سنقال 500[۱]
هولند 450[۳۷]
چین 395[۱۴]
بنین 300[۱]
سوئد 250 (2017)
قینه 144[۱]
غنا 120[۱]
ایستونی 50[۱۶]
لیبریا ~50
Total: 23,564+

اوروپا بیرلیگی 545 (EUTM)[۳۸]

full list

~500 (FLNA)[۲۸] | strength2 = شابلون:Country data Azawad 3,000[۳۹][۴۰] | strength3 = 1,200–3,000[۴۱]

  • Boko Haram: 100
  • Ansar Dine: 300[۴۰]

| casualties1 = مالی 164+ killed, [۱] Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. 16 killed (24 March), 17 killed (26 March) total of 197+ reported killed</ref>
400 captured[۴۲]
Total:
1,000–1,500+ killed, captured or deserted (by April 2012)[۳۹]

مالی 85 killed, 197+ wounded,[۴۳][۴۴] 12 captured[۴۵] (January 2013)
چاد 38 killed, فرانسه 16 killed توقو 2 killed, several wounded نیجر 28 killed نیجریه 4 killed (2 non-hostile) سنقال 3 killed بنقلادش 3 killed, 1 wounded کامبوج 2 killed (non-hostile), 2 wounded پورتوقال 1 killed چین 1 killed, 4 wounded[۴۶]
نپال 1 killed[۴۷]
لیبریا 1 killed[۴۸] اوکراین 2 killed[۴۷] آلمان 2 killed (non-hostile) | casualties2 = شابلون:Country data Azawad 6–65 killed
(Conflict with Malian Army)[۴۹][۵۰]

26–123 killed
(Conflict with Islamists)[۵۱][۵۲][۵۳][۵۴]

60 captured[۵۲][۵۴]
17–19 killed (2013) | casualties3 = 115 killed
(Conflict with Tuaregs)[۵۱][۵۲][۵۳][۵۴]

625 killed
(French intervention) | notes = Displaced:
~144,000 refugees abroad[۷]
~230,000 مجبوری کؤچکون‌‌لرs[۷]
Total: ≈374,000[۵۵] }}

قوزئی مالی چاتیشماسی (اینگیلیسجه: Northern Mali conflict) مالی یئرینده اوز وئرمیش‌دیر

گؤرونتولر دَییشدیر

قایناق‌لار دَییشدیر

  1. ^ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ ۱٫۲ ۱٫۳ ۱٫۴ ۱٫۵ ۱٫۶ ۱٫۷ ۱٫۸ "Les djihadistes s'emparent d'une ville à 400 km de Bamako" (in fr). http://www.france24.com/fr/20130114-mali-djihadistes-semparent-dune-ville-a-400-km-bamako-le-drian. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  2. ^ ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ ۲٫۲ APA – Int'l Support Mission for Mali to begin operations on Friday. APA (18 January 2013). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2013-10-04. یوْخلانیلیب28 January 2013.
  3. ^ Ghana agrees to send troops to Mali. Ghana Business News (14 January 2013). یوْخلانیلیب18 January 2013.
  4. ^ ۴٫۰ ۴٫۱ "Mali conflict: West African troops to arrive 'in days'". Mali conflict: West African troops to arrive 'in days'. 15 January 2013. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21029916. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  5. ^ ۵٫۰ ۵٫۱ Felix, Bate (11 January 2013). "Mali says Nigeria, Senegal, France providing help". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/11/us-mali-rebels-partners-idUSBRE90A0UX20130111. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  6. ^ "Aid Pledged to Mali as More Troops Deploy". 17 January 2013. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323783704578248002130070528. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  7. ^ ۷٫۰ ۷٫۱ ۷٫۲ ۷٫۳ "Chad to send 2000 soldiers to Mali". 17 January 2013. http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/breaking-news/chad-to-send-2000-soldiers-to-mali/story-e6freoo6-1226555842447. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  8. ^ "AU to hold donor conference on Mali intervention". 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20210423112814/http://www.africareview.com/News/AU-to-hold-donor-conference-on-Mali-intervention/-/979180/1668702/-/u8hj4h/-/index.html. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  9. ^ Hirsch, Afua (22 March 2012). "Mali rebels claim to have ousted regime in coup". The Guardian. London. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/22/mali-rebels-coup.
  10. ^ "Mali and Tuareg rebels sign peace deal". BBC. 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150321062328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22961519.
  11. ^ "Mali's Tuareg fighters end ceasefire". AlJazeera. 30 November 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/11/mali-tuareg-fighters-end-ceasefire-2013113093234673103.html. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
  12. ^ "Tuareg separatist group in Mali 'ends ceasefire'". BBC News. BBC. 29 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131202065114/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25161049. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
  13. ^ ۱۳٫۰ ۱۳٫۱ ۱۳٫۲ "Five more African countries pledge to send troops into Mali: Nigerian minister". NZweek. http://www.nzweek.com/world/five-more-african-countries-pledge-to-send-troops-into-mali-nigerian-minister-45103/. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  14. ^ ۱۴٫۰ ۱۴٫۱ Chinese army soldiers conduct first mission as peacekeepers in Mali 1612131 - Army Recognition. Armyrecognition.com. یوْخلانیلیب2014-02-11.
  15. ^ ۱۵٫۰ ۱۵٫۱ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. Bundeswehr in Mali: dangerous, but necessary? - TOP STORIES - DW - 29.01.2017. یوْخلانیلیب26 July 2017.
  16. ^ ۱۶٫۰ ۱۶٫۱ Estonian government approves sending 50 troops to French-led Mali mission (22 March 2018).
  17. ^ "Canada sending C-17 transport plane to help allies in Mali". cbcnews.ca. 14 January 2013. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2013/01/14/pol-mali-canada-logistical-support.html. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  18. ^ "Canadian special forces on the ground in Mali". National Post. 28 January 2013. http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/01/28/canadian-special-forces-on-the-ground-in-mali/. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  19. ^ "Germany pledges two transport planes for Mali". Agence France-Presse. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130201200947/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gLCZvOIyoF3XB-cZRV3sf3Nw_LYA?docId=CNG.686473089b00d35ee260e32043cd391d.1b1. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  20. ^ Squires, Nick (16 January 2013). "Mali: Italy to offer France logistical support". London. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9806111/Mali-Italy-to-offer-France-logistical-support.html. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  21. ^ "India pledges $100m for Mali reconstruction". 5 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232557/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-05/india/36763465_1_mali-intervention-mali-crisis-tuaregs. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  22. ^ "India's reaction to Mali conflict differs from Syrian, Libyan crises". 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-05-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20130531185953/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-04/india/36741687_1_mali-army-mali-conflict-mali-crisis. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  23. ^ India pledges $1 million to UN-backed mission to Mali. Live Mint. یوْخلانیلیب6 February 2013.
  24. ^ "India pledges USD one million to UN-backed mission to Mali". 31 January 2013. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-31/news/36658925_1_usd-afisma-malian-army. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  25. ^ "India supports efforts at restoring order in Mali". 5 February 2013. http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2013/02/05/424--India-supports-efforts-at-restoring-order-in-Mali-.html. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  26. ^ ۲۶٫۰ ۲۶٫۱ Militari români, trimiși în misiunea din Mali (Romanian). Yahoo! România (6 February 2013). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 11 February 2013.
  27. ^ ۲۷٫۰ ۲۷٫۱ ۲۷٫۲ Mali aid offers pour in; Army chief sets sights on Timbuktu. Rappler.com. یوْخلانیلیب28 January 2013.
  28. ^ ۲۸٫۰ ۲۸٫۱ ۲۸٫۲ Par Europe1.fr avec AFP. Mali: nouveau groupe armé créé dans le Nord. Europe1.fr. یوْخلانیلیب9 April 2012.
  29. ^ Ediciones El País. El Ejército francés se detiene ante Kidal, el feudo de la minoría tuareg de Malí. EL PAÍS. یوْخلانیلیب17 December 2014.
  30. ^ Mali's Islamist conflict spreads as new militant group emerges. Reuters. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2015-11-18. یوْخلانیلیب17 November 2015.
  31. ^ "Tuareg-jihadists alliance: Qaeda conquers more than half of Mali". middle-east-online.com. 4 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20131109183026/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=51578. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  32. ^ "Islamist group claims responsibility for Mali attack that killed 5". reuters.com. 7 March 2015. https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/07/us-mali-attacks-group-idUSKBN0M30SN20150307. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  33. ^ ۳۳٫۰ ۳۳٫۱ Comolli (2015), pp. 28, 103, 171.
  34. ^ "France confirms death of Islamist commander Abou Zeid". bbc.com. 23 March 2013. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-21912281. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  35. ^ "L'Elysée et l'armée française ne confirment pas la mort d'Abou Zeid". lemonde.fr. 28 February 2013. http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/02/28/un-chef-d-aqmi-a-ete-tue-par-l-armee-francaise-au-mali_1840892_3212.html. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  36. ^ "Mali army retakes key towns from rebels". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/01/2013118122039129487.html. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
  37. ^ Dutch special forces in Mali tackle changing threat: minister. Reuters. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2015-09-24. یوْخلانیلیب17 December 2014.
  38. ^ ۳۸٫۰ ۳۸٫۱ ۳۸٫۲ ۳۸٫۳ ۳۸٫۴ ۳۸٫۵ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام BBC News وارد نشده‌است
  39. ^ ۳۹٫۰ ۳۹٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام detials وارد نشده‌است
  40. ^ ۴۰٫۰ ۴۰٫۱ Sofia Bouderbala (2 April 2012). Al-Qaeda unlikely to profit from Mali rebellion: experts. The Daily Star. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2012-04-02. یوْخلانیلیب3 April 2012.
  41. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام france وارد نشده‌است
  42. ^ Des prisonniers crient leur détresse (French). El Watan (8 April 2012). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2012-04-09. یوْخلانیلیب9 April 2012.
  43. ^ Felix, Bate (12 January 2013). "France bombs Mali rebels, African states ready troops". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/12/us-mali-rebels-idUSBRE90912Q20130112. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  44. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام frenchstrikes وارد نشده‌است
  45. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام capturetroops وارد نشده‌است
  46. ^ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام thediplomat.com وارد نشده‌است
  47. ^ ۴۷٫۰ ۴۷٫۱ Nepali pilot killed in Mali hotel attack. یوْخلانیلیب26 July 2017.
  48. ^ UN peacekeeper killed in Mali identified as Liberian. آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 2018-10-01. یوْخلانیلیب26 July 2017.
  49. ^ "Fierce clashes between Malian army and Tuareg rebels kill 47". The Daily Telegraph. London. 19 January 2012. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. https://www.webcitation.org/6BPQ1JyfE?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9026722/Fierce-clashes-between-Malian-army-and-Tuareg-rebels-kill-47.html.
  50. ^ "Mali says 20 rebels killed, thousands flee". Reuters. 5 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-11-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20131101151252/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/05/mali-rebels-attack-idAFL5E8D407420120205. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  51. ^ ۵۱٫۰ ۵۱٫۱ "Mali: au moins 35 morts dans les affrontements islamistes/Touareg à Gao" (in French). Agence France-Presse. Google News. 30 June 2012. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130122182826/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jd17HpOQd9fm43sEXIKYc2Okw-IQ?docId=CNG.d0196da202fadb24721b10ebdc7572ae.b61. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  52. ^ ۵۲٫۰ ۵۲٫۱ ۵۲٫۲ Islamists seize north Mali town, at least 21 dead in clashes. Google (27 June 2012). آرشیولنیب اصلی نۆسخه‌دن on 23 November 2012. یوْخلانیلیب12 January 2013.
  53. ^ ۵۳٫۰ ۵۳٫۱ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام breaks وارد نشده‌است
  54. ^ ۵۴٫۰ ۵۴٫۱ ۵۴٫۲ قایناق خطاسی برچسب <ref> نامعتبر؛ متنی برای ارجاع‌های با نام someunarmed وارد نشده‌است
  55. ^ Tran, Mark (17 January 2013). "Mali refugees flee across borders as fighting blocks humanitarian aid". London. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/jan/17/mali-refugees-borders-fighting-humanitarian-aid. Retrieved 18 January 2013.

اینگیلیسجه ویکی‌پدیاسی‌نین ایشلدنلری طرفیندن یارانمیش«Northern Mali conflict»، مقاله‌سیندن گؤتورولوبدور.( ۲۸ سپتامبر ۲۰۱۸ تاریخینده یوْخلانیلیبدیر).

قارداش پروژه‌لرده قوزئی مالی چاتیشماسی گؤره داها آرتیق بیلگی‌لر تاپابیلرسینیز.

  فایل‌لار ویکی‌آمباردا


«https://azb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=قوزئی_مالی_چاتیشماسی&oldid=1554551»-دن آلینمیش‌دیر